TRAI Proposes New Satcom Framework to Boost Direct-to-Device Connectivity
TRAI recommends a separate authorisation for satellite network providers to boost D2D connectivity and infrastructure sharing in India.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has proposed a groundbreaking separate authorisation framework for satellite network providers, aiming to accelerate the rollout of satellite-based connectivity across the country. This move is designed to promote infrastructure sharing and specifically backs the implementation of direct-to-device (D2D) connectivity, which could revolutionise how Indians stay connected in remote areas.
A New Model: Satellite Communication Network as a Service
Under the new recommendations, TRAI suggests introducing a specific 'Satellite Communication Network Provider Authorisation' aligned with the Telecommunications Act, 2023. This introduces a novel concept: Satellite Communication Network as a Service (SCNaaS).
In this model, authorised entities would provide the necessary satellite network infrastructure to eligible telecom service providers. Crucially, these network providers would not offer services directly to end users. Instead, they would act as the backbone, allowing traditional telecom operators to access satellite capabilities through commercial partnerships rather than the massive expense of building their own satellite constellations.
The Game-Changer: Direct-to-Device (D2D) Connectivity
One of the most significant aspects of the proposal is the support for D2D connectivity. TRAI recommends permitting this through both Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) and International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) spectrum.
D2D connectivity is a potential leap forward for digital inclusion, as it would allow compatible mobile devices to connect directly to satellites. This ensures that users in "shadow zones"—areas where terrestrial mobile towers are non-existent or fail—can still maintain a connection.
Furthermore, TRAI proposes that telecom operators who already hold IMT spectrum be allowed to offer these satellite-based D2D services by partnering with authorised satellite network providers.
Spectrum Allocation and Validity
To ensure a structured rollout, TRAI has detailed a specific approach to spectrum:
- Feeder Links: Recommended for administrative assignment of Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) spectrum.
- User Links: FSS and MSS spectrum may be assigned subject to specific conditions.
- Duration: Spectrum assignments would initially be valid for five years, with a government option to extend this by another two years based on market conditions.
- Authorisation Period: The overall authorisation for network providers would be valid for up to 20 years, with a possible renewal for an additional 20 years.
Financial Implications and Regulatory Parity
The regulator has also outlined the financial framework to sustain this ecosystem:
- Authorisation Fee: Proposed at 8 per cent of Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR), with no minimum fee required.
- Spectrum Charges: An annual minimum spectrum charge of Rs 3,500 per MHz for FSS/MSS spectrum assigned by the Central Government.
A key goal of these recommendations is to create regulatory parity. TRAI wants to ensure a level playing field between vertically integrated satellite service providers and those operating through the shared network infrastructure model.
The Bigger Picture: A Competitive Space Race
This proposal arrives at a critical time as global and domestic giants prepare to enter the Indian market. Major players including Elon Musk's Starlink, the Bharti-backed Eutelsat OneWeb, and Reliance Jio's satellite arm are all positioning themselves to capture the satellite broadband market.
"The recommendations envision the development of a robust and competitive satellite communication ecosystem in India," TRAI stated, adding that the framework will enable the efficient use of spectrum and infrastructure through SCNaaS.
By complementing existing terrestrial networks, this framework aims to bridge the digital divide, bringing high-speed connectivity to the most underserved and remote regions of India.